| | | | ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ᠄ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵1736 —1795︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ︵1796 —1820︶ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ︵1821 | —1850︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤᠨᠢᠩ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠤ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ᠂ ᠪᠸᠢ ᠫᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ︽ᠦᠭᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠷᠤᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ︾ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ | ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄ | 1.1816 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | 2.1819 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠯᠸᠦ ᠮᠧᠩ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠤᠯᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 3.1830 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | 4.1832 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠩᠭᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠪᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | 5.1833 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ︾ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | 6. ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠲᠡᠢ ︽ᠵᠧᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠱᠢ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠨᠤᠯᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠳ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠾᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠷ | ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ | ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ︽ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠯᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ︾᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠢ | ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠨ ︽ᠨᠢᠯᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠰᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠤᠢ︾᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ︽ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠮᠤᠢ︾᠃ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨᠲ᠋ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ︾ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠴᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾ ᠶᠡᠪᠤᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ︽ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ︽ᠵᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠰᠤᠷ | ᠲᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠯᠳᠠᠤᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠨ | ᠂ ︽ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠲᠦᠨ︾ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠼᠣᠣ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ | ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | | | | | | |