| | | | ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ1825 — ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ1860︶᠄ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠦ | ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠩ ᠱᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ︽ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷᠴᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠬᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ | ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠤᠳ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠶᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ ︽ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ | ︽ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠩ ᠱᠤᠭ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︽ᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠵᠢᠨᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠨᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠤᠷᠢᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩ ᠠᠩᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ | ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︽ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠩᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠡᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤ | ᠵᠢᠨᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠷᠢᠩᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ | ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︽ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ | ᠨᠢ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠢᠯᠵᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠳᠤᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ 1.ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃2. ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ18 —19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠤᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ | | | | |