| | —— ᠪᠣᠷᠵᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠰ | | ᠴᠢᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ1771 —1780 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠩᠵᠢᠳᠵᠠᠪ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠣᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ︽ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ | 1913 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠬᠡᠨ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠣ | ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠮᠪᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠷᠣᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠨ | ᠲᠡᠯᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠣᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ1922 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠶᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠮᠪᠢ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ | ᠴᠦᠢᠵᠢᠪᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ | ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠳᠢᠷᠠᠯᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠣᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠩ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠣᠷ᠂25 ᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨᠽᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠣᠣᠷ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠭᠤᠶᠣ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠣᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ | ᠴᠦ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | 1935 ᠣᠨ ︵ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ︶ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠢᠳᠬᠡᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠪᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠯᠢᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠳ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠯᠠᠷᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠭᠯᠢᠬᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠠᠮ | ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠰᠠ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠣᠣᠷ ᠵᠢᠰᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠢᠷᠸᠠ ᠵᠢᠰᠠ᠂ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠰᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠠᠯ | ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ | ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ ᠨᠢ1867 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠣ᠂1873 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃1929 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠨᠴᠢᠨᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠮᠪᠢ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡ | ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ 1937 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠣ1943 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠦᠩᠷᠦᠩᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠴᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠪᠢ ᡀᠠᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠳᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠣ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠨ | ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠣ ᠷᠦᠳᠠᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᡀᠠᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠣᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠢᠨᠢᠳ | ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠳᠣ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠮᠪᠢ ᡀᠠᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠄ ︽ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠶᠣᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠴᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠵᠠᠮ | ᠳᠤ ᠣᠳᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵᠣ | ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠳᠣ ᠷᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠩᠰᠡᠨ | ᠷᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠪᠣᠣ ᠷᠠᠪᠠᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠫᠢᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠤ᠂ ᠶᠣᠮᠵᠢᠳ᠂ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠣᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩ᠂ ᠰᠸᠧᠠᠨᠵᠠᠪ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠰᠠᠷᠠᠢ | ᠂ ᠶᠦᠩᠷᠦᠩᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠣ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠴᠣᠯᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ | 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠣᠩ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃1949 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠯᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠢ1950 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠣ | ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃1958 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠣ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | | | | |