| | —— ᠪᠠ᠊᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ | | ﹇ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ﹈ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮᠭᠠᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠬᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ︽ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠠᠯᠵᠤ | ᠬᠠᠮᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ︽ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ﹇ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ﹈ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ | | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ︵1916-2001︶ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮᠭᠠᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠬᠴᠢ | ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠵᠶᠡᠷ ᠥᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ | ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠴᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠺᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠬ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ | ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠵᠦ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ︽ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ ︽ | ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠬᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠳᠠᠯᠠᠮᠤᠢ᠂ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ | ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠮᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠬᠯᠠᠮᠤᠢ ᠁ ᠁ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠢ | ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠮᠤᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ | ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠤᠢ︾ [1] ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠷ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠤᠱᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠬ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ | ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ 1940 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 24 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠺᠠᠶᠢᠯᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ 5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠬᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ 1959 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠬ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ [2]᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ | ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠵᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠵᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ | ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠷ ︿ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ﹀ ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠵᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ [3]᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ︾ | ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ︾ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠵᠠᠪ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ | [4]᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ 1942 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ | ᠤᠨ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ︽ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ︽ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠢᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠺᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠴᠤᠬᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠯᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠵᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡᠯ ︽ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠢ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ | ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ | ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠤᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ | [5]᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ | | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠶᠠᠬ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠢᠳᠡ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ | ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ︽ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡ ︵ | 1888-1950︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠵᠠᠪ ︵1889-1941︶᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ︽ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ︵1902-1943︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ︽ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠬ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | 1947 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠢᠭᠯᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠬᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠴᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ | ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠬᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ | ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ | ᠴᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠴᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠬ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 1957 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ | ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ 1956 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠬ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ [6]᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ | ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ | ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ | ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠾᠸᠢᠢᠰᠰᠢᠭ᠄ ︽ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠰᠢᠬ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︽ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ | ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ︽ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠮᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ︽ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ︽ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠥᠮᠦᠷᠴᠦ | ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ︽ | ᠶᠠᠯᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠤᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ 12 ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ 7 ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ | ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯ᠂ ᠶᠢᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠤᠬᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 1959 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠬᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ︽ | ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠭ | ᠠᠶᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ 1956 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠ 1957 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠬ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ | ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠮᠦᠽᠸᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠥᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠬᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ ᠴ᠊ · ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦᠷᠦᠩ | ᠤᠨ 1959 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ | ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ︾ | ︵ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ︶᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷᠠᠨᠰᠠ᠂ ᠢᠰᠢᠳᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨᠸᠠᠩᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠪᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ [7]᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ 1981 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠵᠤ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠤᠤᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤᠨᠢᠩ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠯ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠩᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ 1986 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ︽ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︽ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠳ | ᠢᠯᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ | 1987 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠ︖ | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤᠨᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠢᠬᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ | ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ | ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠺᠢᠨᠤ᠋ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠳ | ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤᠨᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠵᠤ | ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠤ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ | ᠪᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠤᠨᠤᠪᠴᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ [8]᠃ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠬᠠᠬᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠨᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠤ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ︽ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠄ ︽ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠢ ᠤᠬᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠳᠠᠯᠠᠮᠤᠢ︾ | ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 1942 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠳᠤᠨᠠ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠬᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ︾ [9]᠂ ︽20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ︾ [10] | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠬᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠨᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠬ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠴᠤᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠯ | ᠠᠨᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ | ᠶᠢᠨ ︵ᠬᠠᠷᠠ︶ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ︾ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︽ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡ ︵ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ - ᠡᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬᠴᠢ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ | ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠵᠶᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ︔ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠦᠳᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦᠢ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ [11]᠃ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ | ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠹᠷᠤᠨᠲ ᠲᠤ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1947 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ | ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1949 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1950 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1953 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ - ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | 1957 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ | ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ︾ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠯᠡ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠶᠢᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ︽ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠥᠪ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠵᠶᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠬᠠᠮᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠪᠠ ︽ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡ᠄ | [1] ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ | 1941 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠶᠢᠯᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ 6 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︽ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ︽ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠬ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠴᠠ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | [2] ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ︽ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠨᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ᠂ 1959 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠃ | [3] ᠰᠤᠳᠨᠠᠮ᠄ ︽ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠷᠤᠨᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ 1988 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 19 | ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠃ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ · ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︾ ︵ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠨᠦ᠃ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2010 ᠤᠨ᠃ | [4] ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 1983 | ᠤᠨ᠃ | [5] ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠳᠤᠩᠷᠤᠪ᠄ ︽ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠷᠤᠨᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ 1988 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 19 | ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠃ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ · ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︾ ︵ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠨᠦ᠃ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2010 ᠤᠨ᠃ | [6] ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌᠄ ︽ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠷᠤᠨᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ 1988 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 19 | ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠃ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ · ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︾ ︵ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠨᠦ᠃ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2010 ᠤᠨ᠃ | [7] ᠴ᠊ · ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠰᠦᠷᠦᠩ᠄ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾᠂ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ᠂ 1959 ᠤᠨ᠃ | [8] ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠌᠄ ︽ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠷᠤᠨᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ︾᠂ 1988 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 19 | ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠃ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ · ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︾ ︵ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠨᠦ᠃ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2010 ᠤᠨ᠃ | [9] ᠴ᠊ · ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠦᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ︾᠂ ︽ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ · ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︾ ︵ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠨᠦ᠃ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2010 ᠤᠨ᠃ | [10] 道布¨ ︽二十世纪的 中国蒙古语族语言研究︾ , | 中国社会科学院学术委员文 库, ︽道布文集︾ ,上海 | 辞书出版社, 二OO五年 [11] ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1942 | ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠠᠶᠢᠯᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠂ 1944 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ᠃ | | | | | | |